Diabetes mellitus

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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders with one common manifestation: hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia causes complications damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.

The classification of diabetes mellitus: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy), which have different causes and population distributions. While, ultimately, all forms are due to the beta cells of the pancreas being unable to produce sufficient insulin to prevent hyperglycemia, the causes are different. type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by beta cell destruction caused by an autoimmune process, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Over 95 percent of persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus develop the disease before the age of 25, with an equal incidence in both sexes and an increased prevalence in the white population.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by insulin resistance in peripheral tissue and combined with reduced insulin secretion in beta cell pancreas .This is the most common form of diabetes mellitus and is highly associated with a family history of diabetes, older age, obesity and lack of exercise. The problem is lack of sensitivity insulin receptor in cell membrane.

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is similar to type 2 diabetes in that it involves insulin resistance; the hormones of pregnancy can cause insulin resistance in women genetically predisposed to developing this condition. Gestational diabetes is fully treatable but requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy. About 20%–50% of affected women develop type 2 diabetes later in life.